Ilex verticillata: A Native Deciduous Holly
Ilex verticillata, commonly known as Winterberry, is a deciduous holly that flowers along the stem and develops brightly colored red, orange, or salmon berries in the fall. Native to eastern North America, it typically grows in damp thickets, swampy areas, and along lakes, streams, and moist woodland environments.
Growth Habit and Pollination
Winterberry is a dioecious species, growing 6–15 feet tall and suckering up to 20 feet wide. Because male and female flowers occur on separate plants, a nearby male pollinator is required to ensure that female plants successfully produce fruit—typical of many Ilex species.
Flowers, Berries, and Wildlife Value
Winterberry blooms from April through June, offering an important early nectar source for native solitary bees. The berries, which release sugars most efficiently after freezing, provide a vital winter food source for birds.
Bird species commonly drawn to Winterberry include:
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Robins
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Black-capped Chickadees
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Cedar Waxwings
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Bluebirds
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Cardinals
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Many additional wintering birds
Ilex verticillata is also the host plant for the Henry’s Elfin Butterfly.
Structure and Nesting Habitat
The plant grows with multiple stems and will sucker with age, creating dense thickets that offer excellent nesting habitat for birds. Its branching habit—crossed and forked with leaves at the terminal ends—provides reliable shelter and protection from predators.
Winterberry for Seasonal Décor
Beyond its ecological value, Winterberry is prized for decorating during the holiday season. The brightly colored berries make striking additions to outdoor winter pots, arrangements, and holiday greens, providing interest, texture, and long-lasting winter color.
